Ecology of Iranian Forests
بوم شناسی جنگل های ایران (علمی- پژوهشی)
Ecol Iran For
Agriculture
http://ifej.sanru.ac.ir
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2025
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تأثیر روش طبقهبندی جنگل و اثر توأم آن با روش نمونهگیری شش درختی PRODAN
The Effect of the Forest Stratification Method and its Combined Effect with the PRODAN Six-Tree Sampling Method
تخصصي
Special
كاربردي
Applicable
<div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="display: none;"> </span><span style="line-height:2;"><span style="font-size:12px;"><span style="font-family:IRANsharp;"><span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><b><span lang="AR-SA"><span style="color:black">چکیده</span></span><span lang="FA"><span style="color:black"> مبسوط </span></span></b></span></span><br>
<span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><b><span lang="FA"><span style="color:black">مقدمه و هدف</span></span><span lang="FA"><span style="color:black">:</span></span></b><b> </b><span lang="FA"><span style="color:black">منابع طبیعی تجدید شونده مانند جنگلها از گذشته نقش مهمی در زندگی بشر بازی کردهاند. استفاده اصولی و پایدار از جنگلها نیاز به برنامهریزی فنی دارد. برنامهریزی اصولی و فنی نیازمند جمعآوری داده</span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="FA"><span style="color:black">‎</span></span><span lang="FA"><span style="color:black">ها و آنالیز و بهدست آوردن اطلاعات کمّی و کیفی مفید است. یکی از روشهای جمعآوری دادهها در جمعیت</span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="FA"><span style="color:black">‎</span></span><span lang="FA"><span style="color:black">های جنگل، آماربرداری صددرصد است که این روش در عرصه</span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="FA"><span style="color:black">‎</span></span><span lang="FA"><span style="color:black">های وسیع جنگلی به دلایل فنی و اقتصادی کمتر اجرا می</span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="FA"><span style="color:black">‎</span></span><span lang="FA"><span style="color:black">گردد و در بیشتر مواقع برای مقایسه روش</span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="FA"><span style="color:black">‎</span></span><span lang="FA"><span style="color:black">های مختلف نمونه برداری به</span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="FA"><span style="color:black">‎</span></span><span lang="FA"><span style="color:black">کار می</span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="FA"><span style="color:black">‎</span></span><span lang="FA"><span style="color:black">رود<b>.</b> در تهیّه طرح</span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="FA"><span style="color:black">‎</span></span><span lang="FA"><span style="color:black">ها و تحقیقات جنگل</span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="FA"><span style="color:black">‎</span></span><span lang="FA"><span style="color:black">های شمال بیشتر از روش</span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="FA"><span style="color:black">‎</span></span><span lang="FA"><span style="color:black">های نمونه </span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="FA"><span style="color:black">‎</span></span><span lang="FA"><span style="color:black">برداری با مساحت ثابت استفاده می</span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="FA"><span style="color:black">‎</span></span><span lang="FA"><span style="color:black">شود. امروزه، روش</span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="FA"><span style="color:black">‎</span></span><span lang="FA"><span style="color:black">های مختلف نمونه</span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="FA"><span style="color:black">‎</span></span><span lang="FA"><span style="color:black">برداری جنگل طراحی و ارایه گردیده است که هر یک مزایا و محاسن خود را دارد. استفاده از این روش</span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="FA"><span style="color:black">‎</span></span><span lang="FA"><span style="color:black">ها نیاز به بررسی و تعیین مناسبترین آن</span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="FA"><span style="color:black">‎</span></span><span lang="FA"><span style="color:black">ها از نظر آسانی اجرا، زمان و دقت است. از طرفی، امروزه جنگل</span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="FA"><span style="color:black">‎</span></span><span lang="FA"><span style="color:black">های صنعتی شمال کشور به دلایل بهره</span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="FA"><span style="color:black">‎</span></span><span lang="FA"><span style="color:black">برداری </span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="FA"><span style="color:black">‎</span></span><span lang="FA"><span style="color:black">در گذشته بیشتر به</span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="FA"><span style="color:black">‎</span></span><span lang="FA"><span style="color:black"> صورت توده</span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="FA"><span style="color:black">‎</span></span><span lang="FA"><span style="color:black">های ناهمگن درآمده</span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="FA"><span style="color:black">‎</span></span><span lang="FA"><span style="color:black">اند. برای این نوع جنگل</span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="FA"><span style="color:black">‎</span></span><span lang="FA"><span style="color:black">ها، استفاده از روش طبقه</span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="FA"><span style="color:black">‎</span></span><span lang="FA"><span style="color:black">بندی توأم با روش</span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="FA"><span style="color:black">‎</span></span><span lang="FA"><span style="color:black">های نمونه­برداری مفید و مؤثر خواهد بود. برای برنامه</span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="FA"><span style="color:black">‎</span></span><span lang="FA"><span style="color:black">ریزی به</span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="FA"><span style="color:black">‎</span></span><span lang="FA"><span style="color:black">منظور افزایش کارآیی، سرعت عمل و کاهش هزینه</span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="FA"><span style="color:black">‎</span></span><span lang="FA"><span style="color:black">ها، نیاز به بررسی و استفاده از روش</span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="FA"><span style="color:black">‎</span></span><span lang="FA"><span style="color:black">های مختلف نمونه</span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="FA"><span style="color:black">‎</span></span><span lang="FA"><span style="color:black">برداری با مساحت ثابت و متغیر از جمله چند</span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="FA"><span style="color:black">‎‎</span></span><span lang="FA"><span style="color:black">درختی است. این مطالعه به </span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="FA"><span style="color:black">‎</span></span><span lang="FA"><span style="color:black">منظور تأثیر</span></span><span lang="AR-SA"><span style="color:black"> طبقه</span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="AR-SA"><span style="color:black">‎</span></span><span lang="AR-SA"><span style="color:black">بندی</span></span><span lang="FA"><span style="color:black"> جنگل</span></span> <span lang="FA"><span style="color:black">و اثر توأم آن با روش نمونه</span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="FA"><span style="color:black">‎</span></span><span lang="FA"><span style="color:black">گیری با مساحت ثابت و روش نمونه</span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="FA"><span style="color:black">‎</span></span><span lang="FA"><span style="color:black">برداری با مساحت متغیر شش درختی </span></span><span dir="LTR"><span style="color:black">PRODAN</span></span> <span lang="FA"><span style="color:black">و مقایسه دقّت برآوردکننده</span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="FA"><span style="color:black">‎</span></span><span lang="FA"><span style="color:black">ها </span></span><span lang="AR-SA"><span style="color:black">انجام شد.</span></span><b><span lang="FA"><span style="color:black"></span></span></b></span></span><br>
<span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><b><span lang="FA"><span style="color:black">مواد و روش</span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="FA"><span style="color:black">‎</span></span></b><b><span lang="FA"><span style="color:black">ها</span></span></b><b><span lang="FA"><span style="color:black">:</span></span></b><b> </b><span lang="FA"><span style="color:black">این مطالعه در جنگل</span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="FA"><span style="color:black">‎</span></span><span lang="FA"><span style="color:black">های صفارود مازندران به مساحت 176 هکتار انجام گردید. عرصه</span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="FA"><span style="color:black">‎</span></span><span lang="FA"><span style="color:black">های انتخاب</span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="FA"><span style="color:black">‎</span></span><span lang="FA"><span style="color:black">شده با استفاده از روش آماربرداری صددرصد تمام درختان عرصه (حد شمارش، قطر برابر سینه بیش از هفت و نیم سانتی</span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="FA"><span style="color:black">‎</span></span><span lang="FA"><span style="color:black">متر) اندازه</span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="FA"><span style="color:black">‎</span></span><span lang="FA"><span style="color:black">گیری و ثبت گردید. برای جلوگیری از اشتباهات و اجرای آسان</span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="FA"><span style="color:black">‎</span></span><span lang="FA"><span style="color:black">تر آماربرداری صد درصد، منطقه مورد مطالعه به قطعات مربعی شکل به ابعاد 50×50 متر تبدیل و تعداد 704 قطعه در عرصه پیاده شد. سپس درختان موجود در هر کدام از این قطعات جداگانه اندازه</span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="FA"><span style="color:black">‎</span></span><span lang="FA"><span style="color:black">گیری گردید. روش شش</span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="FA"><span style="color:black">‎‎</span></span><span lang="FA"><span style="color:black">درختی </span></span> <span dir="LTR"><span style="color:black">Prodan</span></span><span lang="FA"><span style="color:black"> در دو مرحله صورت گرفت. مرحله اوّل در عرصه به مساحت 176 هکتار بدون طبقه</span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="FA"><span style="color:black">‎</span></span><span lang="FA"><span style="color:black">بندی با ابعاد شبکه 100</span></span><span dir="LTR"><span style="color:black">x</span></span><span lang="FA"><span style="color:black">100 متر اندازه</span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="FA"><span style="color:black">‎</span></span><span lang="FA"><span style="color:black">گیری گردید. مرحله دوّم عرصه جنگل مورد بررسی با استفاده از روش طبقه</span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="FA"><span style="color:black">‎</span></span><span lang="FA"><span style="color:black">بندی « نیمَن» به سه مونه از نظر موجودی حجمی</span></span><span lang="AR-SA"><span style="color:black"> شامل کمتر از 200 متر مکعب، بین 200- 250 متر مکعب و بیشتر از 250 متر مکعب در هکتار </span></span><span lang="FA"><span style="color:black">مونه</span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="FA"><span style="color:black">‎‎</span></span><span lang="FA"><span style="color:black">بندی و بر اساس روش شش­درختی</span></span> <span dir="LTR"><span style="color:black">Prodan</span></span><span lang="FA"><span style="color:black"> با استفاده از ابعاد شبکه جدید برای هر مونه صورت گرفت.</span></span><span lang="AR-SA"><span style="color:black"> در این مطالعه، اثر مونه</span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="AR-SA"><span style="color:black">‎</span></span><span lang="AR-SA"><span style="color:black">بندی بر دقّت و زمان با استفاده از معیار (</span></span><span dir="LTR"><span style="color:black">E%<sup>2</sup></span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family:IRANsharp;"><span style="font-size:12px;"><span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><m:omath></m:omath><m:omath></m:omath><m:omath></m:omath><m:omath></m:omath><m:omath><span lang="AR-SA"><span style="color:black"><m:r>×</m:r></span></span></m:omath></span></span><span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span style="position:relative"><span style="top:2.5pt"> </span></span><span dir="LTR"><span style="color:black">T</span></span><span lang="AR-SA"><span style="color:black">) مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. برای این منظور، زمان لازم برای</span></span><b> </b><span lang="FA"><span style="color:black">پیاده کردن قطعات نمونه برای اندازه گیری</span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="FA"><span style="color:black">‎</span></span><span lang="FA"><span style="color:black">های لازم در داخل قطعه نمونه و زمان لازم برای پیمودن فاصله بین قطعات نمونه مجاور نیز با استفاده از کورنومتر محاسبه ویادداشت شد. </span></span></span></span><br>
<span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><b><span lang="FA"><span style="color:black">یافته</span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="FA"><span style="color:black">‎</span></span></b><b><span lang="FA"><span style="color:black">ها</span></span></b><b><span lang="FA"><span style="color:black">:</span></span></b><b> </b><span lang="FA"><span style="color:black">نتایج مقایسه آزمون آماری بین میانگین متغیرهای محاسبه ­شده با روش</span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="FA"><span style="color:black">‎</span></span><span lang="FA"><span style="color:black">های آماربرداری صددرصد (میانگین واقعی) و نمونه</span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="FA"><span style="color:black">‎</span></span><span lang="FA"><span style="color:black">برداری شش</span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="FA"><span style="color:black">‎</span></span><span lang="FA"><span style="color:black">درختی (</span></span><span dir="LTR"><span style="color:black">Prodan</span></span><span lang="FA"><span style="color:black">) در مرحله اوّل بدون طبقه</span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="FA"><span style="color:black">‎</span></span><span lang="FA"><span style="color:black">بندی و در مرحله دوّم با اجرای روش طبقه ­بندی « نیمَن» اختلاف معنی</span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="FA"><span style="color:black">‎</span></span><span lang="FA"><span style="color:black">داری را در سطح </span></span><span lang="FA"><span style="color:black">0/05 </span></span><span lang="FA"><span style="color:black">درصد نشان دادند. </span></span><span lang="FA"><span style="color:black">نتایج این بررسی</span></span> <span lang="FA"><span style="color:black">از نظر شاخص دقّت و هزینه </span></span><span lang="AR-SA"><span style="color:black">(</span></span><span dir="LTR"><span style="color:black">E%<sup>2</sup></span></span></span></span><span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><m:omath></m:omath><m:omath></m:omath><m:omath></m:omath><m:omath><span lang="AR-SA"><span style="color:black"><m:r>×</m:r></span></span></m:omath></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family:IRANsharp;"><span style="font-size:12px;"><span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span style="position:relative"><span style="top:2.5pt"> </span></span><span dir="LTR"><span style="color:black">T</span></span><span lang="AR-SA"><span style="color:black">) </span></span><span lang="FA"><span style="color:black">نشان می</span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="FA"><span style="color:black">‎</span></span><span lang="FA"><span style="color:black">دهند</span></span> <span lang="FA"><span style="color:black">که اشتباه و خطای آماری مشخصه</span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="FA"><span style="color:black">‎</span></span><span lang="FA"><span style="color:black">های اندازه</span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="FA"><span style="color:black">‎</span></span><span lang="FA"><span style="color:black">گیری در جنگل سرپا با روش نمونه</span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="FA"><span style="color:black">‎</span></span><span lang="FA"><span style="color:black">برداری شش</span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="FA"><span style="color:black">‎</span></span><span lang="FA"><span style="color:black">درختی همراه با مونه</span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="FA"><span style="color:black">‎</span></span><span lang="FA"><span style="color:black">بندی نسبت به</span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="FA"><span style="color:black">‎</span></span><span lang="FA"><span style="color:black">روش نمونه</span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="FA"><span style="color:black">‎</span></span><span lang="FA"><span style="color:black">برداری بدون مونه</span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="FA"><span style="color:black">‎</span></span><span lang="FA"><span style="color:black">بندی کمتر است. این میزان برای مشخصه تعداد اصله درخت در هکتار به</span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="FA"><span style="color:black">‎</span></span><span lang="FA"><span style="color:black">ترتیب 8811/81 و 5677/52 محاسبه شد </span></span><span lang="FA"><span style="color:black">که با مونه</span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="FA"><span style="color:black">‎</span></span><span lang="FA"><span style="color:black">بندی جنگل و</span></span> <span lang="FA"><span style="color:black">اجرای</span></span><span lang="FA"><span style="color:black"> نمونه</span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="FA"><span style="color:black">‎</span></span><span lang="FA"><span style="color:black">برداری شش</span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="FA"><span style="color:black">‎</span></span><span lang="FA"><span style="color:black">درختی پرودان،</span></span> <span lang="FA"><span style="color:black">میانگین ­های برآورد</span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="FA"><span style="color:black">‎</span></span><span lang="FA"><span style="color:black">شده مشخصه</span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="FA"><span style="color:black">‎</span></span><span lang="FA"><span style="color:black">های مورد بررسی</span></span><span lang="FA"><span style="color:black"> 35/56 درصد </span></span><span lang="FA"><span style="color:black">به میانگین واقعی نزدیک</span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="FA"><span style="color:black">‎</span></span><span lang="FA"><span style="color:black">تر هستند و میزان اشتباه از معیار آماری کمتر شده </span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="FA"><span style="color:black">‎</span></span><span lang="FA"><span style="color:black">است.<b> </b>مقادیر درصد کاهش اشتباه نمونه­ برداری پس از مونه</span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="FA"><span style="color:black">‎</span></span><span lang="FA"><span style="color:black">بندی برای مشخصه تعداد در هکتار به مقدار 4/42 درصد، برای مشخصه سطح مقطع برابر سینه 11/91 درصد و برای مشخصه حجم در هکتار به مقدار 18/48 درصد محاسبه شدند.</span></span></span></span><br>
<span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><b><span lang="FA"><span style="color:black">نتیجه</span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="FA"><span style="color:black">‎</span></span></b><b><span lang="FA"><span style="color:black">گیری</span></span></b><b><span lang="FA"><span style="color:black">:</span></span></b><b> </b><span lang="FA"><span style="color:black">از نتایج این بررسی نتیجه</span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="FA"><span style="color:black">‎</span></span><span lang="FA"><span style="color:black">گیری می</span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="FA"><span style="color:black">‎</span></span><span lang="FA"><span style="color:black">شود که امکان برآورد مشخصه</span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="FA"><span style="color:black">‎</span></span><span lang="FA"><span style="color:black">های تعداد، سطح مقطع و حجم در هکتار جنگل بر اساس طبقه</span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="FA"><span style="color:black">‎</span></span><span lang="FA"><span style="color:black">بندی و اجرای روش</span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="FA"><span style="color:black">‎</span></span><span lang="FA"><span style="color:black">های نمونه</span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="FA"><span style="color:black">‎</span></span><span lang="FA"><span style="color:black">برداری شش</span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="FA"><span style="color:black">‎</span></span><span lang="FA"><span style="color:black">درختی (</span></span><span dir="LTR"><span style="color:black">Prodan</span></span><span lang="FA"><span style="color:black">) با مساحت متغیر به</span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="FA"><span style="color:black">‎</span></span><span lang="FA"><span style="color:black">طور نسبی دقیق</span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="FA"><span style="color:black">‎</span></span><span lang="FA"><span style="color:black">تر برای برنامه­ ریزی جنگل</span></span><span dir="LTR" lang="FA"><span style="color:black">‎</span></span><span lang="FA"><span style="color:black">های ناهمگن شمال کشور وجود دارد.</span></span></span></span></span></span><br>
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<div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="line-height:2;"><span style="font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><b><span lang="EN-GB"><span style="color:black">Extended Abstract</span></span></b> <span style="color:black"></span><br>
<b><span style="color:black">Background</span><span lang="EN-GB"><span style="color:black">:</span></span></b> <span style="color:black">Renewable natural resources, such as forests, have played an important role in human life since the past. The principled and sustainable use of forests requires technical planning. Fundamental and technical planning requires data collection and analysis and obtaining useful quantitative and qualitative information. A data collection method in forest populations is 100% statistics, which is rarely implemented in large forest areas due to technical and economic reasons, and it is used in most cases to compare different sampling methods. Sampling methods with a fixed area are mostly used in the preparation of plans and studies of northern forests. Today, different forest sampling methods have been designed and presented, each of which has its own advantages and merits. The use of these methods requires examining and determining the most suitable ones in terms of ease of implementation, time, and accuracy. On the other hand, the industrial forests in the north of Iran have currently become heterogeneous stands due to exploitation in the past. For this type of forest, using the stratification method combined with sampling methods will be useful and effective. To plan to increase efficiency, speed of operation, and reduce costs, it is necessary to examine and use different sampling methods with fixed and variable areas, including multi-tree sampling. This study is aimed at the effect of forest classification and its combined effect with the fixed area sampling method and the PRODAN six tree variable area sampling method and comparing the accuracy of estimators.</span><br>
<b><span lang="EN-GB"><span style="color:black">Methods:</span></span></b> <span style="color:black">This study was conducted in the Safaroud forests with an area of 176 hectares in Mazandaran Province. The selected areas were measured and recorded using the statistical method of 100% of all the trees in the area (counting limit, a diameter at the breast of more than 7.5 cm). To avoid mistakes and make it easier to perform 100% statistics, the studied area was divided into square pieces with dimensions of 50 × 50 m, and 704 plots were placed in the field. Then, the trees in each of these parts were measured separately. Prodan's six-tree method was carried out in two stages. The first stage was measured in an unclassified area of 176 hectares with a grid size of 100 × 100 m. The second stage of the investigated forest area using the "Neyman" stratification method into three strata in terms of volume inventory, including less than 200 m<sup>3</sup>, 200-250 m<sup>3</sup>, and more than 250 m<sup>3</sup> per hectare based on Prodan's six-tree method, was performed using new grid dimensions for each stratum. In this study, the effect of segmentation on accuracy and time was investigated using the criterion (E%<sup>2</sup> × T). For this purpose, the time required to unload the sample plots for the necessary measurements inside the sample plot and the time required to travel the distance between the adjacent sample plots were also calculated and recorded using a stopwatch. </span><br>
<b><span lang="EN-GB"><span style="color:black">Results: </span></span></b><span style="color:black">The results of the comparison of the statistical test between the average of the variables calculated with the 100% statistical method (true mean) and six-tree sampling (Prodan) in the first stage without stratification and in the second stage with the implementation of the "Neyman" stratification method showed a significant difference at the level of 0.05%. The results of this study in terms of accuracy and the cost index (E%<sup>2</sup>×T) show that the error and statistical error of the measurement characteristics in the standing forest with the six-tree sampling method with stratification was lower than the sampling method without grafting. This amount was calculated for the number of trees per hectare as 8811.81 and 5677.52, respectively.</span> <span style="color:black">The estimated average of the examined characteristics was 35.56% closer to the real average and the error rate was less than the statistical standard with the forest stratification and Prodan's six-tree sampling implementation. The percentage of error reduction in sampling after seeding was calculated at 4.42% for number per hectare, 11.91% for breast cross-sectional area, and 18.48% for volume per hectare.</span><br>
<b><span lang="EN-GB"><span style="color:black">Conclusion: </span></span></b><span style="color:black">From the results of this study, it can be concluded that it is possible to estimate the characteristics of the number, basal area, and volume per hectare of forests based on the classification and implementation of six-tree sampling methods (Prodan), with a relatively variable area. It is more accurate for planning heterogeneous forests in the north of the country.</span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA"><span style="color:black"></span></span></span></span></span><br>
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جنگل صفارود, رامسر, روش پرودان, طبقه بندی نیمَن
Neyman stratification, Prodan's method, Ramsar, Safaroud, Forest
108
119
http://ifej.sanru.ac.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-786-1&slc_lang=fa&sid=1
Ali
Alizadeh
علی
علیزاده
alializadeh1359@yahoo.com
100319475328460010306
0009-0005-1472-7571
Yes
Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Guilan, Sowmeh Sara, Iran
دانشکده منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه گیلان، صومعهسرا، ایران
Amir Eslam
Bonyad
امیر اسلام
بنیاد
bonyad@guilan.ac.ir
100319475328460010307
100319475328460010307
No
Department of Forestry, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Guilan, Sowmeh Sara, Iran
گروه جنگلداری، دانشکده منابع طبیعی دانشگاه گیلان، صومعهسرا، ایران