Ecology of Iranian Forests
بوم شناسی جنگل های ایران (علمی- پژوهشی)
ifej
Agriculture
http://ifej.sanru.ac.ir
1
admin
2423-7140
2676-4296
10.61186/ifej
fa
jalali
1401
8
1
gregorian
2022
11
1
10
20
online
1
fulltext
fa
تنوع گونه ای و عملکردی مناطق گلازنی شده و کمتر دست خورده در جنگل های زاگرس شمالی
Species and Functional Diversity of Pollarded (Galajar) and Less Disturbed Area in the Northern Zagros Forests
اکولوژی جنگل
اکولوژی جنگل
پژوهشي
Research
<div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size:14px;"><span style="line-height:2;"><span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span sans-serif="" style="font-family:Calibri,"><b><span 2="" lang="FA" mitra="" style="font-family:">چکیده مبسوط</span></b></span></span></span><br>
<span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span sans-serif="" style="font-family:Calibri,"><b><span lang="FA"><span 2="" mitra="" style="font-family:">مقدمه و هدف: </span></span></b><span lang="FA"><span 2="" mitra="" style="font-family:">تنوع­زیستی به عنوان یک شاخص مهم در بررسی سلامت و پایداری اکوسیستم­ های طبیعی مورد توجه است. این پژوهش با هدف بررسی تنوع گونه ­ای و عملکردی پوشش ­علفی در جنگل­های ­زاگرس­ شمالی انجام گرفت. </span></span></span></span></span><br>
<span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span sans-serif="" style="font-family:Calibri,"><b><span lang="FA"><span 2="" mitra="" style="font-family:">مواد و روش ­ها:</span></span></b><span lang="FA"><span 2="" mitra="" style="font-family:"> جهت انجام این تحقیق، 32 قطعه­ نمونه از مناطق کمتر دست­خورده و 30 قطعه ­نمونه از مناطق­ گلازنی­ شده در جنگلهای­ شهرستان­ بانه در اندازه ­ی 300 مترمربعی با استفاده از روش «سطح حداقل» برداشت شد. برخی از ویژگیهای عملکردی گیاهان شامل وزن­خشک­برگ، سطح ویژه برگ، فرم زیستی، کورولوژی، ارتفاع کل گیاه و سیستم ریشه ­ای مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. از مرکز و چهار گوشه قطعات نمونه در عمق صفر تا 10 سانتیمتر نمونه ­های خاک برداشت و خصوصیات شیمیایی و فیزیکی آنها بررسی شد. در </span></span><span lang="FA"><span 2="" mitra="" style="font-family:">آنالیز انتخاب رو به جلو، چهار متغیر محیطی از قبیل مقدار پتاسیم، درصد شن، درصد بیرون زدگی سنگی و جهت جغرافیایی انتخاب شدند. </span></span></span></span></span><br>
<span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span sans-serif="" style="font-family:Calibri,"><b><span lang="FA"><span 2="" mitra="" style="font-family:">یافته ها:</span></span></b> <span lang="FA"><span 2="" mitra="" style="font-family:">نتایج نشان داد که </span></span><span lang="FA"><span 2="" mitra="" style="font-family:">دو گروه قبرستان و گلاجار، بر اساس ترکیب گونهای به خوبی از همدیگر قابل تفکیک هستند. </span></span><span lang="FA"><span 2="" mitra="" style="font-family:">ارزیابی تأثیر متغیرهای محیطی و خاک بر شاخص تنوع­ گونهای و تنوع­ عملکردی بر اساس آنالیز گرادیان</span></span> <span lang="FA"><span 2="" mitra="" style="font-family:">­مستقیم</span></span> <span dir="LTR" lang="EN-US"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">(RDA)</span></span><span lang="FA"><span 2="" mitra="" style="font-family:">، نشان داد که </span></span><span lang="FA"><span 2="" mitra="" style="font-family:">یکنواختی ­عملکردی با </span></span><span lang="FA"><span 2="" mitra="" style="font-family:">شاخص برآورد یکنواختی</span></span><span lang="FA"><span 2="" mitra="" style="font-family:"> تفاوت چشمگیری دارد. نتایج رستهبندی متمایز بودن گلاجار و </span></span><span lang="FA"><span 2="" mitra="" style="font-family:">مناطق کمتر دست­خورده</span></span><span lang="FA"><span 2="" mitra="" style="font-family:"> رابه عنوان دو گروه مجزا به خوبی نشان داد. مقدار پتاسیم خاک و درصد شن در گلاجارها کمتر ولی میزان بیرون زدگی سنگ بستر بیشتر بود.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br>
<span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:80%"><span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span sans-serif="" style="font-family:Calibri,"><span style="font-size:14px;"><span style="line-height:2;"><b><span lang="FA"><span 2="" mitra="" style="font-family:">نتیجه­ گیری:</span></span></b><span lang="FA"><span 2="" mitra="" style="font-family:"> به طور کلی می­توان گفت که تراکم، تنوع­ گونه ­ای و عملکردی پوشش­ گیاهی در گلاجار­ها نسبت به </span></span><span lang="FA"><span 2="" mitra="" style="font-family:"> مناطق کمتر دست­خورده</span></span><span lang="FA"><span 2="" mitra="" style="font-family:"> کمتر بوده است. </span></span><span lang="AR-SA"><span 2="" mitra="" style="font-family:">با توجه به اینکه در مناطق گلازنی شده تنوع گونه ای کمتر از مناطق کمتر­دست خورده است پیشنهاد می شود جنگل­های کمتر دست­ خورده به </span></span></span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="line-height:80%"><span 2="" mitra="" style="font-family:"><span style="font-size:14px;"><span style="line-height:2;">عنوان یک الگوی مدیریتی مد نظر قرار بگیرند.</span></span> </span></span></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="line-height:80%"><span style="font-family:"2 Mitra""></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:90%"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><b><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="line-height:90%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif">Extended</span></span></span></b><b> </b><b><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="line-height:90%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif">Abstract</span></span></span></b><b><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:90%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"></span></span></span></b></span></span></span><br>
<span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:90%"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><b><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="line-height:90%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif">Introduction and Objective: </span></span></span></b><span lang="EN" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="line-height:90%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif">Biodiversity is considered as an important indicator in the study of health and sustainability of natural ecosystems. This investigation was aimed to study of species and functional diversity of grass cover in the north Zagross forests. </span></span></span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="line-height:90%"><span style="font-family:"2 Mitra""></span></span></span></span></span></span><br>
<span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:90%"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><b><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="line-height:90%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif">Materials and Methods: </span></span></span></b><b> </b><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="line-height:90%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif">32 sample plots with an area of 300 square meters were taken from less disturbed areas and as well as 30 sample plots in the pollarded (Galajar) areas using the minimal area. </span></span></span><span lang="EN" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="line-height:90%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif">Some functional characteristics of plants including leaf dry weight, specific leaf area, plant life form, chorology, total plant height and root system were studied. In order to study of chemical and physical properties of soil the soil samples were taken at a depth of 0-10 cm from the center and four corners of the plots as well as. Four environmental variables including potassium content, sand percentage, rock protrusion percentage and geographical direction were selected by forward selection analysis</span></span></span><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="line-height:90%"><span style="font-family:"2 Mitra""></span></span></span></span></span></span><br>
<span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:90%"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><b><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="line-height:90%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif">Results:</span></span></span></b><b> </b><span lang="EN" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="line-height:90%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif">The results showed that the two groups of Cemetery and </span></span></span><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="line-height:90%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif">G</span></span></span><span lang="EN" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="line-height:90%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif">alajar area are well distinguished from each other based on species composition. Evaluation of the effect of environmental and soil variables on the species and functional diversity based on Redundancy analysis (RDA), showed that functional homogeneity is significantly different from the homogeneity estimation index. The classification results showed the distinctiveness of Galajar and less disturbed areas as two separate groups. Soil potassium content and sand percentage were lower in Galajar while bedrock protrusion was higher. </span></span></span><span lang="EN" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="line-height:90%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"></span></span></span></span></span></span><br>
<span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:90%"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><b><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="line-height:90%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif">Conclusion</span></span></span></b><b><span lang="EN" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="line-height:90%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif">:</span></span></span></b><span lang="EN" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="line-height:90%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"> In General, it can be said that the density, species and </span></span></span><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="line-height:90%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif">functional diversity </span></span></span><span lang="EN" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="line-height:90%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif">of vegetation in Galajar were lower than less </span></span></span><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="line-height:90%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif">disturbed </span></span></span><span lang="EN" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="line-height:90%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif">areas. According to the fact that species diversity is less in the Pollarded area(Galajar) than less </span></span></span><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="line-height:90%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif">disturbed</span></span></span><span lang="EN" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="line-height:90%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"> areas, it is suggested that less</span></span></span><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="line-height:90%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"> disturbed</span></span></span><span lang="EN" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="line-height:90%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"> forests be considered as a management model. </span></span></span><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="line-height:90%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"></span></span></span></span></span></span><br>
<span style="font-size:14px;"><span style="line-height:2;"><span sans-serif="" style="font-family:Calibri,"><span lang="EN"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif""></span></span></span></span></span></div>
بانه, تنوع گونه ای, تنوع عملکردی, گلاجار, RDA
Baneh, Species diversity, Functional diversity, Galajar, RDA
88
98
http://ifej.sanru.ac.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-705-1&slc_lang=fa&sid=1
Razieh
Hesami
راضیه
حسامی
r_hesamii@yahoo.com
10031947532846007416
10031947532846007416
Yes
In Master Forestry science and engineering, Department of Forestry, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, I.R. Iran
علوم و مهندسی جنگل، دانشکده منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه کردستان، سنندج، ایران
Naghi
Shabanian
نقی
شعبانیان
n.shabanian@uok.ac.ir
10031947532846007417
10031947532846007417
No
Department of Forestry, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Kurdistan, The Center for Research and Development of Northern Zagros Forestry, Sanandaj, I.R. Iran
دانشکده منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه کردستان، مرکز پژوهش و توسعه جنگلداری زاگرس شمالی، سنندج، ایران
Kyumars
amohammadi samani
کیومرث
محمدی سمانی
forester28@yahoo.com
10031947532846007418
10031947532846007418
No
Department of Forestry, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Kurdistan, The Center for Research and Development of Northern Zagros Forestry, Sanandaj, I.R. Iran
دانشکده منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه کردستان، مرکز پژوهش و توسعه جنگلداری زاگرس شمالی، سنندج، ایران